Changing Nature of Higher Education Essay

Proprietary education first appeared in the 1600’s about the same time that institutions like Harvard were being created. For much of US History these schools provided popular mass education in contrast to traditional colleges that were often reserved for the elites (Thelin, 2011). Generally, the purpose of these schools, besides profitability was to provide practical and narrowly focused training, thus filling a need not addressed by traditional education (Beaver, 2009). In addition, for-profits also became known for providing training for minorities, women, and in general, students from the lower social strata, a trend that would continue well into the 20th century (Apling, 1993). From an historical perspective, for-profits have experienced periods of relative prosperity and decline. In terms of prosperity, the peak occurred following the civil war as proprietary institutions sought to provide training for an expanding industrial sector. By 1893, there were approximately 115,748 students enrolled at for-profit schools (Beaver, 2009). On the other hand during the Progressive Era, for-profit schools were deemed unnecessary and invaluable especially if traditional schools were developed and managed efficiently. By 1972, amendments to the Higher Education Act permitted students attending for-profit schools to receive federal student-aid such as grants and loans (Thelin, 2011). Congress believed that students attending these institutions should receive an equal opportunity regardless of their disadvantaged backgrounds. As a result, it is estimated that during that year, for-profits accounted for one-half the increase in higher education’s total enrollment (Beaver, 2009). It is interesting to note that tuition levels at many for-profits are set in accordance with the typical amount of government sponsored aid available to the student, thus questions have been raised regarding the accountability of many proprietary institutions with regard to quality student learning. This paper will focus on how governmental accountability standards have transformed policies and procedures at Everest Institute a subsidiary of Corinthian Colleges. Changing Faces of Public Accountability Both public and private institutions are held accountable to the people that support them (Altbach, Berdahl, & Gumport, 2005). For public institutions their support is primarily from the public; however private institutions such as Everest are governed by their stockholders and a governing board of directors. The interests of these institutions are determined by both external and internal political policies that can create a complex system of compromises and the accommodation of several different conflicting objectives (2005). There was a point in time when the general public was not interested in how colleges and universities conducted business. However, times have since changed. Citizens now realize that their future economic, social, and cultural norms are directly influenced by higher education (Altbach, Berdahl, & Gumport, 2005). This increased awareness by citizens, politicians and law makers led to a demand for more accountability in higher education. The early accountability movement went beyond ensuring compliance with federal funding requirements. Research has shown that management fads in the world of business often time find their way into education, and perhaps some of the focus on accountability in higher education was the result of the Total Quality Management frenzy which firmly took hold in the for-profit business sector by the late 1980s and early 1990s (Castigili & Turi, 2011). Eventually, the quality process was being applied to academic settings. This process where the term quality was referred to giving the student customer a desired product at a reasonable cost (2011). Terms such as assessment, informed decision making, and continuous improvements became common terminology in academia just as they were in the business world. As a result, educational bodies of accreditation began require colleges and universities demonstrate accountability in their self-assessments. However, it was the famous 2006 Spellings Report that established higher education reform. Education Secretary Margaret Spellings and the Commission on the Future of Higher Education attempted to incorporate the concept of Total Quality Management into higher education. The Commission also sought to reprogram U. S. colleges in to providing the highest possible quality of education at the lowest possible cost (Basken, 2007). One of the most important of the commission’s recommendations was for colleges and universities to address the â€Å"inadequate transparency and accountability for measuring institutional performance† (Spellings Commission, 2006, p. 13). For many faculty members and administrators in higher education, it was the principle that was deemed contentious and not the quest for high quality (Castigili & Turi, 2011). However, before the Spellings Commission began its deliberations, the majority colleges and universities had already began to adopt cultures of assessment, and were utilizing the results of their assessments in order to improve student learning. The Spellings commission also called for accountability measures that allowed comparisons of student performance. The American Council on Education and several other groups in higher education interpreted this recommendation as a mandate for standardized testing (Basken, 2007). American colleges and universities have always been resistant to standardized testing and accountability templates because many of them feel that they do not account for the plurality of institutional missions and seem to shift the purpose of assessment from self-improvement to reporting. Standardized accountability requirements do not take into account the complexity of the education that takes place in colleges and universities and could have an impact on the overall process of higher education (Castigili & Turi, 2011). Recent efforts of U. S. olicy makers with regards to accountability in higher education have been negatively compared to the No Child Left Behind Act, which, which may educators feel led to the practice of â€Å"teaching to the test† (Cohen, 2009). If the requirement of standardized testing in higher education created the same or similar results, the impact on higher learning would be devastating. However, long before standardized testing became an issue that threatened colleges and universities, Banta (1996) as referenced in (Castigili & Turi, 2011), claimed the requirements of accountability â€Å"seem to chafe at the very soul of the academic enterprise (p. 7). â€Å" The foundation of that which Kuh (2007) referred to as â€Å"higher education’s aversion to transparency and accountability (p. 32)† could possibly be the concern that the need to report outcomes might weaken the primary purpose of assessment, which is ultimately, improving student learning. Evolution of Accountability for Corinthian Colleges According to the Corinthian Colleges website, Corinthian Colleges Inc. (CCI) provides a friendly, small campus atmosphere where dedicated staff and faculty take a personal interest in the progress of each student. The company operates 105 schools in 25 states in addition to 17 schools in Canada. CCI serves a large and growing segment of individuals seeking to acquire careers in the Health Care, Business, Criminal Justice, Transportation Technology, Maintenance, Construction Trades and Information Technology fields. With more than 17,000 employees in North America, Corinthian Colleges is committed to continue to provide quality instruction and fulfill the mission of changing student’s lives. It is the belief of CCI that consistent application of core values such as integrity, teamwork and accountability depends upon each employee making ethical decisions everyday concerning every student every time. Because of recent headlines, the image of for-profit colleges has become considerably questionable. The media and Senate hearings have reported aggressive and unethical behaviors consistent with unethical business practices. In 2011 The Government Accountability Office (GAO) issued its findings after conducting undercover testing of 15 for-profit colleges in the United States. The GAO found that 4 colleges promoted and encouraged its admission representatives to engage in fraudulent practices (De Vise, 2011). The GAO reported that all of the 15 colleges made false or misleading statements to undercover applicants. The misleading statements were directly related to potential, earnings, financial aid, and student loan repayments. Undercover investigators stated that many of them engaged in substandard academic performance that would have almost certainly resulted in censure at any other institution (De Vise, 2011). There were also reports of students cutting classes, plagiarism, missed assignments, and incorrect assignments being submitted for full credit. Everest was one of 15 for-profit colleges cited by the GAO for deceptive or questionable statements that were made to undercover investigators posing as applicants. Two unnamed campuses were cited in this report (Lewin, 2011). Additionally, the U. S. Department of Education statistics indicated that Everest College graduates had the highest default rate of any school in California for students entering repayment in 2010 (U. S. Department of Education, 2010). It is unclear if Everest North Miami was one of the campuses cited in the GAO report, however, the results of the report led to swift and immediate change in the way the campus operated. Three primary areas received the most attention. First, admissions officers and career services representatives were required to participate in a mandatory training that dealt with how to properly converse with students when speaking about enrollment and placement. Program Directors and a representative from Financial Aid, Admissions, and Career Services were required to attend daily at-risk meetings in order to decrease student absences and also provide administrators with an overall picture of those student who were at risk so that budgetary forecasting could be more accurate and less inflated. Lastly, Career Services Representatives were required to spend more time in the field recruiting new business that would be willing to hire students following graduation. They were also required to take additional training regarding placement rate reporting. Managing Gainful Employment and Placement at Everest Current law requires that private sector institutions prepare students for â€Å"gainful employment in a recognized occupation. † In other words, graduates from these institutions must be able to get jobs in their respective fields of study, or the school may risk losing their accreditation. Newly introduced standards would require that student borrowing and loan repayment be regulated to ensure that students are not loaded up with federal and high cost private loans and debt that many students are unlikely to ever repay. Students at for-profit colleges make up 12 percent of those in higher education, but almost half of those who default on student loans (Lewin, 2011). The alarming number of students that have defaulted on their student loans was the catalyst the led to this sweeping legislation. According to Stratford (2012), the cohort default rate is the percentage of borrowers who default on their student loans due to their inability to make payments. Nelson (2012) pointed out that over 9 percent of all students that borrow money to pay for their education, default on their loans in the first two years after they begin to make repayment. The research also noted that 13. 4 percent of student default within the first three years of repayment (2012). Examining gainful employment at any institution is important because it has a direct connection to the cohort default rate. If students are unable to secure meaningful career opportunities following graduation, then they are unable to afford student loan repayments. This is of a major concern not only to legislators, but also to the general public since student loans are funded by the taxpayer. Thus, there has been an increase for accountability for all schools who receive federal financial aid dollars. There is also a concern for the school because default rates are a factor in the institutions eligibility to receive federal student-aid (Stratford, 2012). This is increasingly important for small proprietary schools such as Everest since over 90 percent of proprietary schools revenues are generated through federal student-aid programs such as Stafford loans (Ausik, 2011). Under the new regulations, aimed to reign in for-profit education programs that saddle students with more loan debt than they can pay, programs that receive students’ federal grants and loans because they â€Å"prepare students for gainful employment† will have to pass at least one of three tests: 1) a student loan repayment of at least 35 percent; 2) a ratio of no more than 30 percent between debt that must be repaid each year and annual discretionary income; 3) a ratio of no more than 12 percent between debt and overall income (De Vise, 2011). The new rules take a â€Å"three strikes and you’re out† approach. The first time a program fails to meet all three criteria, it would have to develop and report how much it missed the benchmarks and what it will do to improve. The second time, it would have to warn student that they may not be able to repay their debt and that the program could lose its eligibility. However, a third strike within the four year period would result in the loss of the ability to offer federal student aid (Lewin, 2011). In order to improve placement rates, Everest Institute required that a Career Service Advisor be present at each daily at-risk meeting in order to discuss student placement rates and also to identify with the Program Director those students that were close to graduation. Additionally, each advisor was required to make initial contact with the prospective graduate at the start of their last semester or module in order to develop a relationship with the student and begin developing a job placement plan. The Career Services Department was required to interact more with the Program Directors and gain contact information of students that recently graduated, however, had not been placed. The advisor was responsible for developing a post-graduate placement plan for the student and reviewing the plan with the student on a weekly basis and tracking their individual progress. By assisting student to secure gainful employment, it provides them with a solid financial source of income to repay their student loans. Everest understands the importance of successfully placing student in careers that related to the major course of study. As more students are employed and able to repay their debt to the federal government, the cohort default rate for the institution will begin to decrease. Additionally, the success of the institution will help to increase student enrollments through the appropriate reporting mechanisms. These new initiatives help to create a positive environment where transparency and integrity are valued not only by the staff but also by the students that are being served. Mission and Future Implications Corinthian Colleges is currently undergoing changes within the organization in order to comply with new regulations from several external and government bodies. These and other mandates come as no surprise to the industry as several for-profit private institutions have allegedly been involved in unethical behaviors and practices. The leaders of these organizations are now forced to not only monitor performance and outcomes but to ensure that business is being conducted the right way. It is imperative that the leaders of the organization have a clear understanding of the dynamics of the organization in order to meet the immediate demands of the government. It is evident that Corinthian Colleges understands the urgency of the issue and measures are daily implemented in order to be in compliance. The process by which the organization chooses to disseminate the new policies will determine the success of change implementation. Change is difficult but necessary to achieve success. The Government is not suggesting but mandating that certain practices be overhauled, revised, and improved. Conclusion Despite the newly introduced demands from the Federal Government, Corinthian Colleges is committed to deliver their promise. With strict adherence to the company’s core values of Integrity, Customer Responsiveness, Respect, Innovation, Excellence, Teamwork, Innovation, Positive Energy, and Accountability, enables the execution of the overall strategic approach to become the best career education company in the world. Corinthians Colleges understands that the goal of transparency and accountability is to enable stakeholders to obtain clear and relevant information about college and university performance. McPherson and Shellenburger (2006) warned, however, about the misuse of assessment data. They urged that â€Å"accountability data be used only to compare specific universities with their own past performances and with the performance of comparable universities† (p. 3). To compare vastly different institutions would do far more harm than good, and potentially punish less-elite colleges and universities.

Effect of Power and Politics in an Organization Essay

There are many aspects of an organization that can greatly affect their success and moral. Some of the areas that can play a key role in the organization are; power, politics, code of conduct, business intentions, objectivity, personal agendas, and organizational goals. Power and politics can have both a positive and negative affect on an organization. Businesses must make objective decisions and insure their intentions remain in line with the organization’s goals. Organizations must not allow personal agendas to interfere with their business decisions and must make sound ethical decisions. Organizational politics can have a detrimental affect on employee’s, moral, loyalty, and trust. Power and PoliticsPower can be motivators in both a positive and negative manner. Wideman, 2003, states that power is the ability to persuade others to do the following; get them to do what you want them to do, when to do it, and in the manner you want them to do it. Wideman also maintains that influence is the exercise of authority or leadership, to persuade others, and organize them to follow. The struggle of power and influence by competing groups creates politics. Some believe that the practice of politics can be cunning and deceitful, while others believe it can be a motivator with positive results. The reality is that office politics does exist in most organizations. Some issues in an organization that may create competing groups; departmental budgets, space allocations, project responsibilities, and salary adjustment (Robbins, 2001). Limited resources in an organization will also form competing groups because the gained resource of a group is always at the expense of another group or department. Competing groups require more than convincing facts in order to get management to make a decision; the group that can influence and pollute the facts of other groups will be more successful (Robbins, 2001). Office politics or effective management; some of these terminologies are used when office politics are obvious and things go wrong; â€Å"kissing up†, apple polishing, passing the buck, covering your rear, creating conflict, forming coalitions, cunning, arrogant and scheming. These are a some terminologies associated with obvious office politics with positive results; developing working relationships, encouraging change and  innovation, improving efficiency, facilitating teamwork, planning ahead, astute, and practical-minded. (Robbins 2001). Robbins, 2001, states that there are two different forms of office politics legitimate and illegitimate politics. The normal everyday politics such as â€Å"complaining to your supervisor, bypassing the chain of command, forming coalitions, obstructing organization policies or†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Robbins 2001). Illegitimate politics are acts of sabotage, whistle-blowing, different types of protest such as group coming in to work late or not coming in at all. The negative impacts can be described by past scandals resulting in the crash of corporations, non-accountability in the accounting industry, and lack of ethical direction from boards of directors and have cost thousands of people their jobs and taken millions of peoples’ retirement funds to zero. 401k plans that held the stocks for retirement were all depleted from the unethical practices of Enron. How, with all the checks and balances that are supposedly in place within the government, did Enron happen? The answer could very possibly be greed, fear, or just following the crowd. This can be related to the politics played upon by power. On a positive side of power and politics organizations have also been found to be responsible and able to promote trust. Take Johnson & Johnson for example, when Tylenol was tampered with leaving several people ill, they did not listen to their lawyers who were trying to prevent lawsuits, they admitted there was a problem and pulled all products from off the shelves. They did not hide behind the organization shirttails’ of attorneys’, they faced up and proved to society to be trust worthy. Which in turn, they gained respect from the general public. Scandals grow larger and more intensive day-by-day for organizations. In part certain government laws have provided guidelines to follow as a check and balance for the unethical behavior amongst large organizations. Sarbanes-Oxley being one to keep company’s honest in bookkeeping and allowing documentation to be proof that the organization is doing what is ethical. This will also be a source of insurance that individuals will not loose everything like those thousands of people did in the demise of Enron. Code of Conduct, Intentions, and ObjectivityIf the employees accept gifts, the company or organization wants to make sure the employees are in compliance with the policy or law. Which is also called â€Å"Code of Conduct† and this is to ensure that employee’s decisions will not create a conflict of interest. The code strengthens standards and includes measures to protect employees from outside pressure, such a solicitation for personal affairs and the offering of gifts. Most companies have a strict code of business ethics and conduct. The code discourages employees from accepting gifts that could be seen as an attempt to manipulate business decisions. Some companies forbid their employees to accept any gifts of any value. If gifts are received or if employees are undecided about whether they can accept the gift, the incident must be reported to the manager or supervisor. â€Å"All managers should establish a written policy limiting the acceptance of gifts and entertainment to items of small value. Managers should consider creating limits, for example-an amount per time period, per vendor for accepting gifts and prohibit the acceptance of any cash gifts† (Unswerving Loyalty, 2006). Employees should be required to document or disclose to the manager, the acceptance of any gift or entertainment. However, this is not meant to stop managers from maintaining multiple business relationships with a client, as long as possible conflicts of interest are managed and disclosed. Violating the code of conduct, regarding gifts if not reported can result in punishment. The employee can be penalized and there will also be an investigation. Providing clients with a code of ethics, sets a framework for how the manager conducts their business is an important step in developing the trust and confidence necessary for a successful investment management relationship. Organizations must make sound business decisions and have good intentions. They must have processes in place in order to insure upper management remains objective. Organizations can be easily influenced by outside forces when having to hire employees, contractors, or expansion. Executives and upper management must be able to decide, when making business decisions, on whether to decision will benefit the organization as a whole or suit their  personal or future needs. Organizations of today have to deal with a high amount of turnover in their executive positions. After these positions are vacated and new individuals are appointed is when an organization may finally find information on whether their executives were making sound organization decisions or decision that benefited them and assisted with their future gains or employment. Personal Agenda and Organizational GoalsAs a society and within organizations we stand behind the shared belief in the concept of structure, the openness of our management, and building trust. Within many organizations there is an underlying search for power. People seek power within an organization through many means. Power can be based on the influences of certain groups or individuals within an organization that might be another step closer to the desired position, goal, or outcome. People have become wary of organizations. An example that surfaced this year is the scandal involving the huge insurance company named AIG. According to (Scherer, 2005), the scandal links two of the world’s richest men. According to Forbes Magazine, Buffet is the world’s second-richest person with assets of $41 billion. Greenberg is ranked 132nd in the world and 59th in the US with assets of $3.1 billion. Using a position or influence within an organization can be considered a conflict of interest. In other words, conflict of interest exists when a board member or officer personally benefits, or is perceived to personally benefit, from an activity of the organization (Colbert, 1999). Personal power is used within an organization for personal gain as well as to benefit the organization. Expertise, rational persuasion, and reference are forms of personal power used by management to control the behavior of subordinates. Possessing the knowledge and experience needed uses expertise power. Expert power is increased when subordinates are denied access to critical information or to key contact persons. Rational persuasion can be effective by gaining the trust of the subordinates. Through reverent power, subordinates are controlled because they respect, admire and want to please their managers. Organizational politics are the processes used in which individuals work  together, conflict, compete in to make decisions, evaluate information, and structure or restructure an organization. They can have both good and bad effects. Organizational politics can cause loyalty to decrease and one’s own interest to increase. Individuals may be impacted by feelings of unfairness, discontent, anxiety, and stress. They may also be less willing to share information and be more competitive. Organizational politics can also lead to productive changes and enhance the achievement of organizational goals in an organization. Legal vs. Ethical It is human nature to want to succeed and achieve. Some individuals have been fortunate to work for an organization that is respected by the community from an external perspective and feel treated and respected as a part of the organization from within. Credibility can be an important part of an organization. There are often choices that might have to be made, for many different reasons, as we have seen that can lead to the most well respected individuals and organizations to fall. Deciding on what might be in the best interest and not necessarily ethical can be a difficult decision made by one or a few. What is legal and what is ethical affect nearly every aspect of today’s life. A few examples are the use of the internet, ethics in medicine, and ethics within an organization. Putting a legal box around what is ethical conduct is a challenge that many companies face today. The processes by which the organization is operated should be ethically based. The behavior of all employees from the highest to lowest should be ethical. Their behavior should result in the most favorable outcome for all involved. All involved should be treated fairly and their rights respected. Conclusion There are many aspects of an organization, both internal and external, that will affect their success. Some of these are out of their control, but quite a few can be controlled within the organization. Organizations must insure decisions are not based on personal agendas or outside influences offering certain perks for contracts. Power and organization politics can have both a negative or positive affect on an organization. Through all the decisions an organization will make, they must  insure they do not compromise their code of conduct, code of ethics, or decrease employee moral. References Colbert, S. (1999). Conflict of interest: what it is and how to avoid it. OCD Technote. Retrieved January 28, 2007, from http://ocdweb.sc.egov.usda.gov/technotes/tn15.pdfRobbins, Stephen (2001). Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice HallScherer, R. (2005). A top insurance company as the new enron? Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved January 28, 2007, from http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/crisis/corporate/2005/0401aig.htmUnswerving Loyalty-Global Investor, (2006) http: web.ebscohost.comWideman, Max (2003, August). Power, influence & politics. Retrieved January 26, 2007, from Max’s Issacons Web site: http://www.maxwideman.com/issacons3/iac1365/index.htm

16 Memorable Quotes From Anne of Green Gables

Review memorable quotes from Anne of Green Gables to better understand its characters, themes, and plot devices. Whether you review them before you read the book, while youre reading it or afterward, youll improve your comprehension of this work by  Lucy Maud Montgomery and get better acquainted with protagonist Anne Shirley, a redheaded orphan with a wild imagination and a talent for getting into trouble.   What Anne Says About Herself Im not a bit changed--not really. Im only just pruned down and branched out. The real ME--back here--is just the same.Theres such a lot of different Annes in me. I sometimes think that is why Im such a troublesome person. If I was just the one Anne it would be ever so much more comfortable, but then it wouldnt be half so interesting.And people laugh at me because I use big words. But if you have big ideas you have to use big words to express them, havent you?When I left Queens my future seemed to stretch out before me like a straight road. I thought I could see along it for many a milestone. Now there is a bend in it. I dont know what lies around the bend, but Im going to believe that the best does. It has a fascination of its own, that bend, Marilla. Trouble and Wickedness Its so easy to be wicked without knowing it, isnt it?Its all very well to read about sorrows and imagine yourself living through them heroically, but its not so nice when you really come to have them, is it?Youd find it easier to be bad than good if you had red hair... People who havent red hair dont know what trouble is.For we pay a price for everything we get or take in this world; and although ambitions are well worth having, they are not  to be cheaply won, but exact their dues of work and self-denial, anxiety and discouragement.Next to trying and winning, the best thing is trying and failing.Marilla, isnt it nice to think that tomorrow is a new day with no mistakes in it yet? Setting the Scene The night was clear and frosty, all ebony of shadow and silver of snowy slope; big stars were shining over the silent fields; here and there the dark pointed first stood up with snow powdering their branches and the wind whistling through them.Look at that sea, girls--all silver and shadow and vision of things not seen. We couldnt enjoy its loveliness any more if we had millions of dollars and ropes of diamonds.Anne always remembered the silvery, peaceful beauty and fragrant calm of that night. It was the last night before sorrow touched her life; and no life is ever quite the same again when once that cold, sanctifying touch has been laid upon it. Miscellaneous The goblins of her fancy lurked in every shadow about her, reaching out their cold, fleshless hands to grasp the terrified small girl who had called them into being.Mrs. Lynde says that sound doctrine in the man and good housekeeping in the woman make an ideal combination for a ministers family.Isnt it splendid to think of all the things there are to find out about? It just makes me feel glad to be alive--its such an interesting world. It wouldnt be half so interesting if we know all about everything, would it? Thered be no scope for imagination then, would there? Wrapping Up Now that youve reviewed some memorable quotes from this classic, explore the novel further by learning about some of the ways the novel has been adapted over the years.

Crime Research Proposal - 3521 Words

RESEARCH PROPOSAL EXAMPLE 4. THIS PERSON RECEIVED A â€Å"9.8† INTRODUCTION Micheal Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi’s general theory of crime purports to be able to predict all crime at all time and that a person’s level of self-control is determined and unchangeable by age eight. This researcher saw this theory as an awfully broad statement and an extremely pessimistic view of human nature. By this logic, a person with a low score on the selfcontrol construct would be almost guaranteed to commit crime given the appropriate opportunity and little can be done to change that behavior. This researcher proposes that self-control can be learned and bolstered later in life through extensive behavior modification programs that work to curb the†¦show more content†¦Self-control theory enthusiasts claim that the characteristics of those with self-restraint are not well-matched with the elements that characterize criminal and deviants acts (Gibbs et al 1998), conse quently this researcher hypothesizes that increasing self-control and restraint through behavior modification will make criminal sexual opportunity less appealing and therefore decrease recidivism. Dr. Lane, Research Proposal Ex 4, Spring 2001, page 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The general theory of crime is relatively new and controversial theory in the realm of criminology. Micheal Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi published A General Theory of Crime in 1990 and it went on to become the second most cited book in the entire 1990s (Pratt and Cullen, 2000). Their theory is based on the argument, not unlike Hirschi’s social bonding theory that criminal activity is gratifying and the key to understanding participation in crime is discovering what prevents people from breaking the law. They contend that committing crime and other analogous behaviors (drinking, gambling, drug use, reckless driving, and unsafe sexual practices) start manifesting in conduct problems early in life. The term â€Å"low self-control† is used to describe the enduring â€Å"criminality† or â€Å"criminal propensity† that increases the likelihood that individuals will be unable to resist the easy, immediateShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Reduci ng Crime Through A Targeted Literacy Program815 Words   |  4 Pagespresident of this fraternity I have selected â€Å"Reducing Crime through a Targeted Literacy Program† as the sole recipient of our funds to combat youth drug crime in our community. 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How to Become a Coach Essay - 2234 Words

Coaching, however challenging, is a great way to influence the lives of others while also building their character. For as long as there have been sports, there have been people teaching the sport to the players and making them better at it. Coaches must have certain qualities in order to obtain success. One must also look at a coach’s motivation for his job, his passion for what he does, his methods for coaching, and how he became a coach in order to fully understand him. There are many questions someone may want to ask a coach about his profession if they are interested in coaching. Some questions would include: Why did he choose this as a profession? How did he get into coaching? What does one have to do to get a job as a coach? How†¦show more content†¦A major league baseball player would not decide to coach professional hockey after his career, because that is not the field that he is knowledgeable in. 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Sources of Finance For Alumasc Group Limited Company

Question: Discuss about theSources of Finance For Alumasc Group Limited Company. Answer: Introduction This paper uses Alumasc Group Limited Company as a case study to examine and assess the various risk associated with different sources of funding the firm can use to expand its operation. The paper will take an extensive analysis of both debt and equity finance available for the Company to meet its objective. I will analyze all the possible sources of finance and how the companies can obtain the right source of funding for its various types of businesses. Company Overview Alumasc Group Limited Company is based in London in the United Kingdom and deals in the supply of building and engineering products. This firm is listed on the FTSE Fledging Index of the London Stock Exchange. The listing is anchored on the ticket ALU in the in the sector of material and construction. It specifically majors in the sustainable building products which with the aim of managing the use of energy and water. The company was initially the biggest barrel manufacturer in Britain (Botha 2012). It manufactured aluminum products one of which was the cast metal beer casks in the 1950s. The company was taken over by Gold Fields Group in 1960. The firm altered its category from Engineering products to constructions as well as building materials in 2006. In 2007, Alumasc acquired solar shading firm called Levolux. Rationale for Seeking Funding Any business organization, with the desire of expansion regarding production, distribution, market capture, revenue, raw materials, employees and profit maximization, requires additional funds to adequately satisfy its desires. Two major sources of financing a business include debt funding and equity financing. As the Business Development Manager of Alumasc Group Limited Company, I at this moment gives a brief description of the company and finally look at the two principal sources of finance with the aim of providing the best pick for my business at the end of this study (Vera and Onji 2010). Finance Sources Debt Financing This refers to the actual borrowing of funds from lending institutions at a particular set interest rate. The possible places for borrowing money include friends and family, lending institutions like the banks and credit unions, small business administration loans, home and equity loans. Other lending institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) alongside the World Bank. The money lenders have an obligation to establish the exact business operations and the risks associated with the given projects. They have to see a clearly drafted business plan and also be shown some form of security that can be helpful in case the business institution faces a financial difficulty in its operations along the way after the loans have been issued. Banks go to the extent of providing overdrafts where a borrower is allowed to withdraw more money than the current sum in their account. However, there is a maximum fixed limit of withdrawal, and the interest rate is charged on the overdraft daily. There are, however, several factors that businesses have to take into consideration before opting for this source of financing. They have to establish the exact importance of their business to retain full control and have complete freedom to run its operations. They also have to know exactly the amount of money they will owe lenders in monthly payment terms. A lot of emphases has to be put on their ability and comfort in making regular monthly submissions as part of the payment plans. They have to countercheck their credit histories to determine their qualification for the debt financing. Lastly, they have to check not only if they own the necessary collateral required, but also if they are comfortable using them in the contract. Advantages of Debt Finance Alumasc Group Limited Company The benefits associated with this type of financing are basically that the business is allowed a certain degree of freedom from its lenders during its operations. Business is free to use the borrowed funds in its way and in whatever business venture it so desires. The lender does not have any say whatsoever in how the loan is utilized by the firm. In addition to that, the bank is not entitled to the outcome of the business operations that is, the revenues and the profits realized by the firm at the end of its project. Disadvantages Debt Financing to Alumasc Group Limited Company The notable disadvantages about debt financing are that the payment may sometimes prove stressful to the small expanding business or even the companies that are starting from scratch meaning the loans serve as their starting capital. Business is required to have an excellent credit rating to receive meaningful debt financing. It is also a factor to keep in mind that one could put some of their assets at potential risk. Equity Financing This refers to the amount of money paid in cash for firms either by the personal money of a proprietor or the money obtained from the contributions of the investors. The investors put money into business with the aim of sharing in the profits should the value of company stock appreciate shortly. Equity as an investment plan deals with the issuance of stock in the organization proportion to the investment amount. It, therefore, implies that individuals with majority shares enjoys a larger portion of the cake as far as control is concerned. The sources of equity financing are friends and relatives, a group of local business owners, private investors, employees, capital venture institutions, banking investment companies, insurers, small business corporations of investments as well as the large corporations. Venture capital firms deal in rapidly growing, new technology companies. Both private stock placement and public offering of share methods are used by organizations to obtain equity financing. The former is less complicated and easily accessible to the small companies or businesses that are starting from scratch. It entails amenableness with both state and federal security legislations but not need any formalized registration with the Commission of Securities and Exchange. Public stock offering comprises of a long and expensive registration formality process. The costs associated here can even amount to twenty percent the value of the raised capital. Companies with interest in financing their expansion through equity framework are required to have formal business plans including full projections of finance. Cautious planning is an indicator to prospective investors of competence of company to overcome competition (Lee, Sameen and Cowling 2015). The combination of both sources is helpful in scattering the risks of the firm thereby ensuring adequate alternatives for future funding desires. Advantages of Equity Financing to Alumasc Group Limited Company The primary merit of equity financing is that the owner need not repay. Loans from and other debt financing forms, in contrast, immediately influence the cash flow. They also have huge consequences except when terms of repayments are met. One has more time to grow their business before having to worry about how they will eventually pay for it all (Raniszewski 2008). Disadvantages of Equity Financing to Alumasc Group Limited Company The main issue here is that of control. If the investors develop a conflicting opinion regarding the strategic direction of the firm daily firm operations, such divergent opinions have serious glitches to the owners (Ruubel and Hazak 2011). On top of that, certain equity sales like restricted initial public offers, may be complicated as well as affluent hence consuming a lot time which requires the f expert lawyers as well as accountants assistance. Assessing the Risk Associated with Each Sources Equity financing is convenient for the firms in the technology or innovation industries with high risks ventures that offer a big return on investment (Woods et al. 2013). They are the highly volatile companies that belong to deeply cyclical industries that do not have a steady cash flow to make regular loan payments. Both equity and debt financing remain central ways for companies to get capital to fund various operations. Choosing either source depends on the lasting goals and the amount of control that the owners wants to uphold. It is upheld by the experts that firms need to use both sources of financing in an acceptable ratio commercially known as the debt to equity ratio. The acceptable principle states that the rate should be considered reasonable between 1:1 and 1:2. Huge debts trigger insolvency whereas considerable amount of equity dilutes prevailing stockholders and damage earnings (Abdulsaleh and Worthington 2013). Therefore, the key is to balance between the two sources of funding. Recommendation of Sources of Financing for Alumasc Group Limited Company It is concluded that the most prudent action to take is to obtain the necessary capital from diverse sources. The firm should use both sources, and indulge the services of other professionals to help make effective decisions about financing that may arise in the course of operations. As the Business Development Manager of Alumasc Group Public Limited Company, I, therefore, give my final verdict on the financing issue, that the company should use various sources of funding that apply to equity and debt financing in its quest to raise additional funds for significant expansion and development (Vera and Onji 2010). References Abdulsaleh, A.M. and Worthington, A.C., 2013. Small and medium-sized enterprises financing: A review of literature. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), p.36. Botha, R.J., 2012. The role of the school principal in the South African school governing body: A case study of various members perceptions. Journal for Social Science, 30(3), pp.263-271. Fitzgerald, S. and Drake, J., 2013. Responsibility for financial management in primary schools Evidence from an English local authority. Management in Education, 27(3), pp.96-105. Lee, N., Sameen, H. and Cowling, M., 2015. Access to finance for innovative SMEs since the financial crisis. Research policy, 44(2), pp.370-380. Malloy, M.P., 2004. International Project Finance: Risk Analysis and Regulatory Concerns. Transnat'l Law., 18, p.89. Mazzucato, M., 2013. Financing innovation: creative destruction vs. destructive creation. Industrial and Corporate Change, p.dtt025. Mina, A., Lahr, H. and Hughes, A., 2013. The demand and supply of external finance for innovative firms. Industrial and Corporate Change, 22(4), pp.869-901. Naidoo, B., 2010. Financial management in selected primary schools in Gauteng. Nguyen, K.M., 2011. Financial management and profitability of small and medium enterprises. Theses, p.32. Ruubel, R. and Hazak, A., 2011. Is There a Relationship between Company Profitability and Salary Level? A Pan-European Empirical Study. In International Conference on Innovation, Management and Service (Vol. 14, p. 2011). Vera, D. and Onji, K., 2010. Changes in the banking system and small business lending. Small Business Economics, 34(3), pp.293-308. Wang, J., Lee, Y.N., Daum, P.H., Jayne, J. and Alexander, M.L., 2012. Effects of aerosol organics on cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentration and first indirect aerosol effect. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8(21), pp.6325-6339. Woods, C., Armstrong, P., Bragg, J. and Pearson, D., 2013. Perfect Partners or Uneasy Bedfellows? Competing understandings of the place of business management within contemporary education partnerships. Educational Management Administration Leadership, p.1741143213494185.

What Makes Discovering Psychology Work Essay Sample free essay sample

All writers use classical entreaties. ethos. Son. and poignancy. which are utilizing audience based grounds to increase the effectivity of the author’s statement. So what is ethos. Son and poignancy? Ethos is the author’s manner of set uping creditability to the audience. Logos is utilizing informations and facts to appeal to the audience’s sense of concluding and pathos entreaties to the audience’s emotions. as defined in Writing Arguments by ( Ramage. Bean. A ; Johnson. 2012 ) . How good do they utilize these entreaties in chapter 9 of Detecting Psychology? ( Hockenbury. A ; Hockenbury. 2011 ) . The chapter begins with an illustration of poignancy ; utilizing the memory of childhood to put up the account of lifetime development. Stating the narrative of sifting through a sea of boxes during a move allows the reader to develop a metaphor of how lifetime psychological development takes topographic point via different experiences every bit good as develop mental alterations and cistron look ( Hockenbury. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes Discovering Psychology Work? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A ; Hockenbury ) . Looking at a person’s psychological development as an accretion of traits. much like a box of keepsakes acquired throughout life. lets the reader experience the text in a more human manner. In this manner. textual poignancy builds a connexion and apprehension between the reader and the natural information. Later in the chapter there are illustrations of wit in cartoon strips used during treatment of adolescence. binding the thoughts of uncomplete development to the jokes of the characters in pimples ( Hockenbury. A ; Hockenbury 2011 ) . Using wit involves the reader in a text they may non be interested in ; seeking to buoy up the overall temper of what could be a really dry read. Constructing upon this debut. the text begins to present logos illustrations with definitions. accounts and an debut to the construct of developmental psychological science. Bing a text book the audience would anticipate it to be reasonably heavy with logos. and it is. Get downing with the metaphor of the life narrative. it introduces constructs like DNA. genotype and its function in psychological look. and epigenetics-genetic sensitivity to reaction to specific environmental alterations. Get downing with the thought of psychological sensitivity from the point of construct. and the chapter moves into antenatal development and its specific phases. From there into toddlerhood. childhood and adolescence. maturity and finally decease. the text discusses the assorted basic constructs involved in each ( Hockenbury. A ; Hockenbury. 2011 ) . By traveling logically through these phases. it leads the reader through specific life phases and leting them to construct a image of what factors contribute to lifespan development. Throughout the text. infinite illustrations of Sons are scattered throughout in the signifier of definitions. graphs. images and background information about scientists involved. By including these. the text uses a wealth of natural information to ease the reader’s ability to truly grok the constructs that may be unfamiliar. Even the cardinal subjects are highlighted in the beginning of each subdivision. so the reader can fix themselves for what might be valuable in the undermentioned paragraph. Ethos of the text is about universally accepted to a college pupil ( the intended audience ) because it is a text edition. distributed through a university. and authored by people good educated on the capable affair. The full layout is tailored to be believable. utile. and to be effectual in interpreting the maximal valid information. Giving definitions in the sidebar allows the reader to be confident in their apprehension with constructs as the text develops. The text demonstrates ethos besides through inclusion of graphs and charts from other beginnings. and often uses parenthetical commendations. leting the reader to follow any construct they are disbelieving about to another text. By mentioning texts written by other physicians and professors. the chapter creates ethos for the reader and makes them experience that all the constructs discussed are good understood and agreed upon in the psychological community. Uniting all these characteristics fulfills all the demands of ethos. Son. and poignancy in the text to prosecute. educate and inspire assurance in the reader. doing it ideal to learn pupils. It paints reasonably wide shots for a pupil audience. non hitting any one construct in deepness. and merely supplying an apprehensible conceptual model. Mentions Hockenbury. D. H. A ; Hockenbury. S. E. ( 2011 ) . Detecting Psychology ( 5th ed. ) New York: Deserving. Ramage. J. D. . Bean. J. C. . A ; Johnson. J. ( Eds. ) . ( 2012 ) . Writing Argments: A Rhetoric with Readings. ( 8th ed. ) . New York: Pearson Longman