Dat Based On The Information Given From The Book - 1686 Words

Bibliographic data: Based on the information given from the book (because not much of his biography is given online), Ed L. Miller is a professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Stanley J. Grenz, on the other hand, is a Pioneer McDonald Professor at Carey Theological College, Vancouver, British Columbia. He is a former student of Miller’s. Stanley had his trainings in various parts of the world. He preached and gave lectures at churches, colleges, universities, and seminaries in North America, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Stanley also served in gospel ministry. Author and credentials: Ed L. Miller is a well known figure in the realm of theological studies. Numerous articles, reviews, translations, and books were written by him. In his educational journey, he obtained numerous degrees (B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Doctorate in Theology, and so on) in Philosophy and Theology. He taught in numerous higher educational institutions mainly in Colorado, USA. In previous recognitions, Miller was a member of Studiorum Novi Testament Societas, American Academy of Religion, Society of Christian Philosophers, and Soren Kierkegaard Society. He is also listed in Who’s Who in the West, Directory of American Scholars, International Who’s Who in Education, International Authors, Writers Who’s Who, Contemporary Authors, and Faculty Directory of the Council of Societies for the Study of Religion. Stanley J. Grenz, though graduated from University ofShow MoreRelated John Sirica and The Ammidown Murder Essay2416 Words   |  10 Pagesbore myself to sleep with researching, I wanted to do an interesting topic, but I had no idea where to begin. I spent hours going through a great number of subjects and people, but once I found topic remotely interesting, I could not find much information on the Library of Congress website. Therefore, I decided to choose one word that would hopefully lead me to an interesting topic. I set my search limits to manuscripts and searched the word murder. There, the first name at the top of the page wasRead MoreResearch Approach And Methodological Choice : Ontology And Epistemology1464 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature on travel behavior, lifestyle segmentation and focused on the travel motivation factors as well as information search element segmentation that affect the choice of travel destinations. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a diff erent group of lifestyle which influences the decision†making process of international students in parts of the travel motivation factor and information search. Figure 3.1: The research onion (Saunders et al, 2009, pp.108) Trochim (2006) statedRead MoreThe Sternberg Task and Its Results: An Assignment2132 Words   |  8 Pagestask and its results. What do these results suggest? 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Even regionally too, we se e these traditions manifested in the richnessRead MoreEssay on Critical Analysis of Huckleberry Finn5056 Words   |  21 Pagesdiscomfort and disapproval readers feel about Toms cruelty toward Jim stems from their own identification with Tom: If the reader sees in Toms performance a rather shabby and safe bit of play, he is seeing no more than the exposure of the approval with which he watched Huck operate. For if Tom is rather contemptibly setting a free slave free, what after all is the reader doing, who begins the book after the fact of the Civil War? . . . when Tom proclaims to the assembledRead MoreEssay on Albert Speer2689 Words   |  11 PagesAlbert Speer 1. Born in March 19th 1905, and the middle child of three sons, you could say Albert Speer had a life of a movie star. Having a father who was a successful architect in Mannheim, and a mother who came from a wealthy family you would say that the Speer family was more than well off. The Speer family had their own cook, kitchen maid, chamber maid, butler, chauffer, nanny and governess; Albert Speer was the upper class instead of the upper-middle which he classified himself into. ButRead MoreParticipant Observation in a Sociological Experiment2712 Words   |  11 Pagesseeing how these events are distributed among categories of people and organizational sub-units. What Becker is describing is the decision to impose qualitative research questions on the found situation or to derive questions for hypothesis testing from encountered situations. McCaslin and Scott on the other hand teach that introspective inquiry is the key to our method, answering the Five Questions (2003). These Five Questions are all students need to run a preformatted qualitative survey.Read MoreIndividual Rhetorical Analysis Of The Selected Readings2297 Words   |  10 Pagesnarrative) account of slavery and shared the story of his journey towards freedom. Equiano’s narrative is in chronological order after a brief introduction in Chapter I, which explained his purpose for writing his story along with providing background information on his childhood and the culture of his birthplace in Essaka, Africa. Furthermore, although much of Equiano’s story centered on his extensive sea travel, his harmonious mixture of formal and informal word choices along with the lack of the technicalRead MoreThe Affirmative Action Act : An Outcome Of Minority Groups And Women2215 Words   |  9 PagesThe Affirmative Action Act was created to ensure that min ority groups and women were given the same opportunities in education and employment that were traditionally afforded to white males. According to the National Conferences of State Legislatures, affirmative action is, â€Å"†¦an outcome of the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement, intended to provide equal opportunities for members of minority groups and women in education and employment. 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The Impact of Sex in the Media on Society Essay - 920 Words

According to a poll of 10 to 16 year olds done by the advocacy group Children Now, 77 percent say that there is too much premarital sex on T.V., while 62 percent say sex on T.V. and in movies influences kids to have sex when they are too young (Clark, Sex, Violence). The influences of the media is felt everywhere and especially in terms of human sexuality. Everything from TV commercials to the newspaper has some form of sex in it, usually to keep the audience interested. In modern society, the changing times as well as media executives wanting more ratings(and therefore money) have lead to teenagers more willing to try sexual acts at a younger age and the country being more openminded about sexual issues. The main cause behind the†¦show more content†¦How a teen is effected by it can vary. Due to the effects of sexuality in the media, more teens are open to sexual acts and at a younger age now. Adolescents are now open to hook-ups or friends-with-benefits, where they have ca sual sexual encounters at parties and clubs between youngsters who are not emotionally involved with one another which are influenced by new techology and take away the first date which would help put safe sex into the teens minds (Friedman). Some folks are worried that the sex in the media will counteract sex education and do not include problems that having sexual intercourse can bring about. In his article Sex, Violence and the Media, Charles S. Clark explains: To some..., the chief concern is that AIDS, sex education, birth control or abortion are seldom mentioned as the fictional characters hop from bed to bed. But others see the danger in the... message communicated though steady repetition that everyones doing it. (1) Overall, hopefully teenagers are still getting the message to stay safe if they choose to become sexually active in the face of the medias negative influence regarding sex. Another cause of the increase of sex in the media is that times have changed and perceptions about sex have been altered. In her article Teen Sex, Jane Friedman explains how in the 50s and 60s couples in a marital relationship like Lucy and Ricky Ricardo of theShow MoreRelatedViolence And Sex On Television898 Words   |  4 Pages Violence and Sex on Television: Effects on the Younger Audience In today’s society, the media is used greatly for communication, advertisement, information, and for numerous other reasons. The world has evolved by technological advances as well as by the type of content that is put out on the internet, radio, and especially on television. In particular, violence and sex are two of the most controversial content types that have been recently used loosely in the present as compared to theRead MoreCulture and the Mass Media1400 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Mass Media on Enculturation The mass media and culture go hand and hand in today s society. 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This is very evident in the female sex, especially through media. â€Å"Americans spend about 68 hours per week exposed to various forms of media† (US Census Bureau 2009). This media exposure through outlets such as t.v., radio, music videos, movies, and the internet, all influence the way people think about gender. The media influence is very evident in the way people view women and think about women in different cultures. Media influence on women creates negative viewpoints with how

Home Depot Free Essays

Home Depot opened its first home improvement store in Atlanta Georgia in 1978. The company developed a tactical product analysis providing an assortment of products and services to customers. The products Home Depot offers focus on contractors and the do-it-yourself customers, as well as free how to clinics and workshops for children allowing them to build an item onsite in the store. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Depot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Home Depot has grown into an internationally recognized specialty merchant that markets and delivers 40,000 different building materials, lawn and garden products, home improvement supplies, appliances, and more than 250,000 other products that can be especially ordered (Unknown, 2003-2012). Home Depot has over 2,200 locations throughout the United States. Stores average 105,000 square feet with approximately 23,000 additional square feet of outside garden area† (Unknown, 2003-2012). Pricing Information Home Depot needs to have a good understanding what the customer needs and wants are. Home Depot’s annual report shows the domestic outlook of expectations on procurement policies and procedures; Home Depot has changed its procurement policies and buying procedures. One service that Home Depot has eliminated as part of the changes is the design centers for kitchens and baths. These design centers were a service to the customer who used Home Depot products in the designs of the kitchen and bathroom projects, the service didn’t improve productivity at its stores as many customers had Home Depot’s design center create the layout of the kitchen or bathroom but would purchase the items, such as cabinets, sinks, lights, etc. from other home centers or online. Home Depot’s operating strategy was to close its EXPO design centers and other internal businesses such as HD Bath designs. This would allow the business to focus on maximizing the stores productivity of the existing store base instead of offering services like kitchen design and bath design (Unknown, 2013). Provided is a solution to increase demand for a service, by adding features to its service or making shipping faster or being more reliable, Home Depot can reduce production costs. The procurement process of Home Depot outlines the company’s supplier information within the reference manual. The Supplier Reference Manual provides information to ensure successful partnerships and collaboration between Home Depot and its suppliers. Home Depot’s ordering cycle includes electronic data interchange requirements, distribution information, purchase order methods, store environment conditions, manufacturing excellence, customs compliance, and transportation constraints (see Appendix A). Home Depot’s electronic data interchange (EDI) system provides a resource for repeat supplier collaboration. Suppliers are encouraged to use the EDI system on a weekly basis to ensure business and supply chain needs and expectations are met. The EDI includes mandatory transaction sets, a product catalogue, image requirements, and computer system access needs. Distribution information includes product flows, freight requirements as well as product and packaging characteristics. Home Depot clearly defines its distribution requirements to eliminate any confusion regarding its products, and shipping details. The information designates where product deliveries should be depending on point of origin, product, and final dispersal. The final requirements of Home Depot supplier reference manual include customs compliance and transportation. The Home Depot outlines how suppliers need to handle international imports or exports, from having the appropriate documentation to sufficient packaging and security. Transportation conditions include a routing guide suppliers follow. Pricing strategies involve movement along the Demand curve (McConnell, Brue Flynn, 2011) In a market with high price elasticity of demand, such as a monopolistic competitive market, a small reduction in price will have a large effect on demand. Non-pricing strategies involve shifting the demand curve to the right, such as by a TV advertising campaign. This is a common strategy in markets with low price elasticity of demand, such as oligopolies. Marginal Factors When operating from a global perspective, it is important to understand what patterns arise from the local markets. Being able to provide resources to these local markets is a critical part for a company like Home Depot to institute. From Home Depot’s store support center a global resource merchandise program will be maintained, this will provide customers access to source high-quality products directly from manufacturers around the world. Profit is maximized when Marginal Revenue equals Marginal Cost, to use it, a business needs to know how much it costs to produce one more unit of a service. A business can also use total revenue – total cost method (McConnell, Brue Flynn, 2011). Profit is maximized when the total revenue and total cost curves are farthest apart. Conclusion Home Depot demands the highest levels of product quality, innovation, availability, on-time delivery, safety in production and shipping, compliance with laws and codes of conduct, and sensitivity to brand reputation is a major influence to the customer service strategy and innovation to products, policies, and procedures. The variety of products, analyzing, shipping, import details, contracts information and processes broaden potential business movement controlled by procurement decisions and influences of policies. The relationship with many state and federal laws restricts and offer different business treatment and regulations. Choosing a combination of strategies having the biggest effect on demand in the company’s industry may be best. How to cite Home Depot, Papers Home Depot Free Essays The home depot has been around for many many years. It all started out a partnership and became a corportation that it currently is today. The Home Depot was founded in 1978 by two poor men. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Depot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their names were Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank. They were accompanied by investment banker Ken Langone and merchandising guru Pat Farrah. They not only have stores throughout the United States but the Home Depot is a multinational corporation. They have broken into Canada, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Mexico. They are the United States’ largest retailer behind Wal-Mart. They are the largest home improvement retailer though. In 2000, the arrival of the new Chief Executive, Robert Nardelli, had changed the business strategy of the Home Depot to a more militaristic style. Under Nardelli’s leadership, Home Depot is becoming more centralized and the good financial reports following this are signs that it a good strategy. Nardelli started making the company look and feel like an army. He loved to hire soldiers, because they were already trained with the discipline that he felt necessary to run a successful business. The Home Depot’s stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange and is included in the Dow Jones industrial average and Standard Poor’s 500 index. The Home Depot’s rival is Lowes. The Home Depot has benefits well from â€Å"Hurricane Preparation. † Since June, the Home Depot has outperformed Lowes by nearly 10% and most of the broader market by 6%. The Home Depot has about 500 more stores than Lowes and its expected sales growth are supposed to increase by a 4. 6% over Lowes. The sales for the fiscal year 2000 were $45. 7 billion, compared to $38. 4 billion in fiscal 1999. As of January 2001, the company was operating 1,134 retail stores in forty-seven states, six Canadian provinces, Puerto Rico, Chile and Argentina. Revenue increased from $45. 7 billion in 2000 to $81. 5 billion in 2005, while profits rose from $2. 6 billion to $5. 8 billion. While this was a slower growth rate than Home Depot had experienced in the past, it was because past growth was due to the company’s rapid expansion. The Home Depot Direct Stock Purchase Plan (DSPP) enables you to invest a minimum amount in Home Depot stock and build your stock ownership over time. In addition for the Home Depot to grow they will be increasing their quarterly dividend $0. 29. Also the Home Depot has been paying its’ shareholders a quarterly dividend for over a 100 consecutive quarters, currently yielding at 2. 05%. In the past couple of years the profit margin of the Home Depot has gone up. In 2009-3. 17%, 2010-3. 95%, 2011-4. 90%, 2012-5. 51%, last twelve months-5. 96%. The cash flow from the Home Depot is approximately $6. 6 billion. The key for the Home Depot will be revenue growth. The future looks very bright for the Home Depot to invest stock into as long as it can grow revenue for the next year. However, this year the company reported revenues that seem to be in a down-spiraling situation. This month the â€Å"orange giant† is being faced with a serious drop in its earnings per share and many analysts are contributing this drop to the possibility that Home Depot may of hit the wall. With analysts banking on a 25% growth rate, Home Depot bar ely managed to achieve half of that; reporting only 13% in its fiscal third quarter earnings. There are many reasons for this outcome and there are ways that Home Depot plans on overcoming these â€Å"threats† that are reducing their earnings. The Home Depot is a How to cite Home Depot, Papers Home Depot Free Essays In addition they also responded to concerns bout its environmental impact by creating new standards to govern its relationship with its suppliers. The legitimacy of the company and stakeholders also showed because they wanted to make sure that Home Depot’s appearance of being environmentally responsible is not a sham. Home Depot showed their urgency by responding immediately to growing need for large corporations to become economically responsible. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Depot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Home Depot strategies and performance with the environmental and employee stakeholders is a proactive approach as well as doing ore than what is required in the industry. They have donated millions to Red Cross and other relief funds, they also opened workshops for women, children and new homeowners. This earned them a â€Å"A† on the Council on Economic Priorities Corporate Report Card and a Proactive on their business approach to be environmentally and socially responsible. Home Depot Justified the budgeting of so much money for philanthropy as a publicly traded company because they feel that this is something the stakeholder like to see in a company. When Home depot suspended the stock uh-back program in 2007 to avoid losses and to prevent from borrowing they used their own revenues to cover their expenses. The stakeholders and customers were happy that the company could stay a float as well as donate millions to environmental and social issues. Home Depot may also benefit from some type of scholarship fund or tuition reimbursement program for the employees. Or saving as many tree in the Rain Forest as they cut down in other forests by donating. Home Depot stopping expansion of new stores and upgrading the remaining stores seem to e a good strategic plan. By using their on revenues to cover their expenses instead of borrowing prove to be a good measure as well because as the recession subsides they were still the number one in the industry and did not owe any creditors. My suggestion to the CEO is to continue doing as you are and you will continue to be number in the industry. Key Stakeholders And Concerns : Shareholders: economic and profit concerns Employees: EEOC concerns Environmental: Abiding by Environmental Principles Customers: has the stores improved Key Facts: Home Depot manage customers relations by consolidating marketing and merchandising functions; Which helped customers to do home improvement projects more effectively and efficiently. The company had its ups and downs with its ratings due to their proactive approach. They showed good customer service and social responsibility by starting workshops for women, children and new home owners to teach them basic carpentry skills, starting as young as five years old. Home depot Environmental initiates started when they adopted a set of environmental principles . Guided by these principles, Home Depot has initiated a number of programs to minimize the firm’s and its customers impact on the environment. Home Depot focuses corporate social responsibility efforts on affordable housing and disaster relief. In 2002 the company founded the Home Depot Foundation, which provides additional resources to assist nonprofits in the United States and Canada. 1997 the company settled a class- action lawsuit brought by female employees who alleged that they were paid less than male employees, awarded fewer pay raises, and promoted less often. Home Depot encourages employees to become involved in the community through volunteer and civic activities. Home Depot has worked to show that it appreciates workforce diversity and seeks to give all its associates an equal chance to be employed and advance in its stores. CEO Frank Blake decided to halt expansion and focus on improving existing stores. Shut down expo stores that catered to the wealthier class. Home Depot reaction to the recession was swift and decisive. Initiated new technology to improve customer service and become more efficient. How to cite Home Depot, Papers

Occupiers Liability in Retail Industry †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Occupiers Liability in Retail Industry. Answer: Introduction The law of tort is a common law principle which aims at making good to the loss suffered by the aggrieved party because of the actions (inactions) of the wrongdoer. The wrongdoer is legally duty bound to act or not to act in a certain manner which when not followed results in causing harm or damage to the aggrieved and thus the wrongdoer is legally compelled to make good the loss so suffered. The law of tort is a bundle of laws, such as, negligence, misrepresentation, defamation, trespass, etc. However, in the present essay an attempt is made to understand the legal components of negligence and misrepresentation in real life business situations. A brief analysis is done on the factors that lead to negligence and misrepresentation, their consequences, defense available, how a person can take an action against negligence or misrepresentation and what is the role of the public authorities to protect the people from such tortuous acts. An attempt is made to study torts as they apply to business situations, in particular the torts of negligence and misrepresentation. Negligence The legal components In the law of negligence, if any customer suffers injuries on the premises of the retailer then such retailer must compensate for such losses under the law of negligence and is established in Australian Safeway Stores v Zaluzna (1987). The law emphasis that, every retailer must comply with his duty so as to avoid any kind of negligence. But, it is first important to understand the main legal components of negligence which the plaintiff must prove against the retailer. (Sadler, 2002) That the Retailer is under the legal duty to provide care to the plaintiff In 1932, a business situation arose in a leading case of Donoghue v Stevenson, wherein, the manufacture was held to be under duty to provide products which are safe to his consumers. The manufacture is duty bound against his neighbors (who are reasonable foreseeable and sharing proximate relationship with him) and this duty must be performed in all manners. Likewise, in 1999, in Perre v Apand, because of the supply of defective seeds by the defendant to the neighbors of the plaintiff, a five year ban was imposed not on the neighbors but to all the farmers who are within 20Km from the farm of the neighbors. The plaintiff action against the defendant was held valid as the defendant owns a duty of care against entire plaintiff who he can reasonably foresee. Thus, every business must carry out his acts or inactions with all due care so that no injury is caused to any of his neighbors. That the retailer is not able to comply with the said duty, that is, there is breach of duty of care Every business or retailer must ascertain the risk involve, precautions that are practically required; gravity of risk and impact; the importance of the conduct of the defendant. If the duty undertaken by the retailer fall short of the standard that is required then there is breach of duty. Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856) was a business situation wherein because of failure of plug installed by defendant, loss is caused to the plaintiff (flood incurred causing damage to the house of the plaintiff). The court held that the defendant has not complied with the required standard of care and there is breach. That because of the breach of duty there is damage that is caused to the plaintiff The Plaintiff must suffer damage that must because of the act or inactions of the defendant (causation) and the damage so incurred is not remote. Overseas Tankships (UK) v Miller SS Co [1967] is a business situation wherein the loss that is caused was too remote and thus the defendant was not held negligent. Misrepresentation - The legal components When a false statement is made by one party to another with the aim to induce the other party to establish a contract with the party that is making the statement then such an act is an act of misrepresentation provided the statement so made is not made part of the contract, that is, the term of the contract. The main legal components that are required to establish misrepresentation are: (Misrepresentation, 2017) A statement of fact is made by one party (defaulting party) to another (aggrieved party). Statements of opinion, law, or future intention may at times be considered as the statement of fact. The statement of fact must be relied on by the aggrieved party and is the basis for forming of contract with the defaulting party; The statement must not be silence in nature and must be positive in nature; Normally, when any statement is found to be misrepresented then the aggrieved party refer his case under misleading and deceptive conduct. Many a times misrepresentations even incur when advice or directions are provided to customers, or even just members of the public. In such situations it is very important that adequate care must be carried on. In 1964, in Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd, the first bank provided a creditworthiness report of one of its client to another bank. The second bank requires the report before granting loan to the said client. The report provided by the bank was misrepresented. It is a real life business situation where in a statement of fact was provided by one party knowing that the other party will rely on the same before making any decision. Thus, it was found to be a clear case of misrepresentation and the contract that was established was found to be based on misrepresentation. (Sadler, 2002) Also, when there is a case of quality and safety of goods and services supplied by a retailer/prover, then, such retailer must not make any statement of fact which is false and which is relied on by the other party prior establishing a contract with such retailer. In a real business situation, Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Limited (2004), the plaintiff was buying a house through the defendant which has made false statements of facts regarding such house. The act was a clear case of misrepresentation and thus it is the duty of the defendant under law to make such statements of fact which are true and not deceptive or misleading. Thus, these are the two tort laws that are normally found to be applicable in business situations. However, it is now important to understand as what actions can be undertaken by the aggrieved once the elements of negligence or misrepresentation are framed against the defendant. Actions to be taken Once the defendant is found to be negligent or incurred misrepresentation against the plaintiff there the plaintiff is eligible to take action against such defaulters. The plaintiff can be either a consumer, member of the public, or any other party who is affected by the actions of the business. Such persons might take action against the business. When a plaintiff is aggrieved because of the negligent action of the retailer or the manufacture then such plaintiff can take an action under common law for the recovery of damages or injuries sustained by him because of the use of the defective/harmful goods (The Law Hand Book, 2017). The claims dealing with negligence are usually raised by the plaintiff either in Supreme Court or the County Court; however, it is the Magistrate Court that issues the same. The case can be initiated by making a complaint or with the help of a writ. (The Law HandBook, 2017) Once a misrepresentation is established against the defendant, then the plaintiff is permitted to take civil action against such defaulter. Once an action is initiated by the plaintiff against the defendant, then, it is now important to understand the consequences that might by faced by the defendant. Once a business is found to be negligent or making misrepresentation in his actions, then there are few consequences that can be faced by such defendant. The injured or disgruntled client has suffered some loss and the loss can be claimed from the defaulter. When the defendant is found to be negligent in his actions then the main consequences that are normally faced by him are: (The Law Hand Book, 2017) Special damages- the out of pocket expenses falls under special damages category. For example, if because of the negligent action of the retailer some medical problem is faced the plaintiff then the ambulance charges, loss of earning, incidental expenses can be recovered from the defendant. General damages The loss caused because of pain, suffering, future earnings, falls under general damages. Misrepresentation A misrepresentation is an offence under the competition and Consumer Act 2010. As per section 151 of the Act, maximum penalty that can be faced by a body corporate is $1,100,000 and for individual is $220,000. In a real business situation of ACCC v Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd[2004], a misleading statement is made that fruit extracts are contained which in reality it does not. Thus, the defendant faced penalties under law. If any retailer for the promotion of goods or services is making any kind of misrepresentation then a notice can be serviced against him by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and can ask for information which substantiate the claims. Further, the aggrieved party has every right to rescind the contract which is based on misrepresentation. Once the consequences are established against the defendant, the law has still provided few remedies to such defendant and there are defenses that can be availed by the defendant in order to protect his interest. Thus, the defenses that can be availed in cases of negligence and misrepresentation are analyzed herein under. When a plaintiff claims to be injured because of the negligent action of the defendant then there are two main defenses that are normally sought by such aggrieved. They are, firstly, voleti non fit injuria, which signifies that the loss that is caused to the consumer is not because of the negligent action of the retailer but the consumer has voluntary assumed the risk confining that the same will cause some kind of harm to him; secondly, contributory negligence, which implies that the loss that is caused to the consumer is because of the negligent action if the retailer and the consumer both and thus the retailer can mitigate his liability proportionality. (Sadler, 2002) Misrepresentation Once a retailer, manufacturer, etc are found to be making misrepresented statements then the action of misrepresentation can be filed alginate them. However, there are few defenses that can be availed by them. The same are: When the defendant while making the statements is of the belief that the said statement is true; That the defendant has made all reasonable efforts so that the plaintiff does not rely on the statement of made on behalf of the defendant or by his employees; That the misrepresentation is not made by the defendant; Under these circumstances a defendant can protect himself. Now it is important to understand whether there is any role for statutory or public authorities who should be protecting the interests of Australian (or even non Australian) interests or parties. It is not individuals, retails manufacturers etc who are alone imposed with duty of care to avoid any kind of negligence or a duty to provide statement of facts that are true in order to avoid representation, rather, the public authorities are also casted with the legal duty to protect the interests of Australian (or even non Australian) interests or parties. In 1995, in Councilof theShireofSutherland v Heyman, the council was held negligent in its actions when it failed to inspect the building resulting in causing harm to the defendant. Thus, the public authorities also play a significant role to avoid any kind of tortuous wrong in the interest of parties. Conclusion Thus, though negligence and misrepresentation are the two important laws that are relevant in business situations, but, there are various other kids of torts that must also be considered, such as, trespass, nuisance, passing off, etc. Thus, the law of tort plays a significant role in business situations and the legal components of such torts must be analyzed adequately in order to avoid any kind of hardship. Reference List P Sadler (2002) Occupiers Liability in the Retail Industry , Legal Issues in Business, The Retail Industry - Volume 4, 2002 Trindade and Cane (1999) The Law of Torts in Australia , Melbourne, 436. ACCC v Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd[2004]. Australian Safeway Stores v Zaluzna (1987). Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856). Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Limited (2004). Councilof theShireofSutherland v Heyman (1995). Donoghue v Stevenson [1932]. Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd [1964]. Overseas Tankships (UK) v Miller SS Co [1967]. Perre v Apand (1999). Misrepresentation (2017) (Online). Available at: https://www.unistudyguides.com/wiki/Misrepresentation. Accessed on 31st August 2017. The Law HandBook (2017) Actions for negligence (Online). Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s02s09.php. Accessed on 31st August 2017. The Law HandBook (2017) Negligence, liability and damages (Online). Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/10_01_01_negligence_liability_and_damages/. Accessed on 31st August 2017. The Law HandBook (2017) False or misleading representation (Online). Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s03s03s03.php. Accessed on 31st August 2017.